substantia nigra pars reticulata造句

• A study done shows that after substantia nigra pars reticulata.
• The same for the substantia nigra pars reticulata.
• The subthalamic nucleus'glutamatergic neurons then stimulate the Medial globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata.
• Subthalamic nucleus cells can then send more activating signals to some parts of the globus pallidus internus and substantia nigra pars reticulata.
• The direct pathway projects to the internal globus pallidus ( GPi ) and to the substantia nigra pars reticulata ( SNr ).
• These researchers found that participants with Parkinson s consistently had a smaller substantia nigra, specifically in the right substantia nigra pars reticulata.
• Increased dopamine results in inhibition of the Ventral pallidum, entopeduncular nucleus, and substantia nigra pars reticulata, resulting in disinhibition of the thalamus.
• The "'lateral globus pallidus "'contains dicencephalon ), the striatum, medial globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata.
• Eye position and memory saccade related responses in Substantia Nigra pars Reticulata . " Experimental Brain Research " 154 : 428-41.
• The motor cortices send activating signals to the direct pathway through the basal ganglia, which stops inhibitory outflow from parts of the globus pallidus internus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata.
• In the direct pathway, the medium spiny neurons project to the internal division of the globus pallidus which in turn sends axons to the substantia nigra pars reticulata ( SNpr ) and the ventroanterior and ventrolateral thalamus ( VTh ).
• SNrThal represents the substantia nigra pars reticulata ( SNr ) and the associated area of the thalamus, which produce a competition among the Go / NoGo units within a given stripe and mediates competition using k-winners-take-all dynamics.
• As the "'medial globus pallidus " "', " along with the substantia nigra pars reticulata, forms the output of the basal ganglia, these neurons extend to the thalamus, the centromedian complex and the pedunculopontine complex.
• More studies need to be done; however, it is hypothesized that this can be related to Huntington's disease and multiple system atrophy in which there is major striatal neuronal loss followed by considerable loss of neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata.
• It receives inputs from many areas of the brain, including the basal ganglia to which it projects with the exception of the substantia nigra pars compacta to which it projects but does not receive, while it receives but does not project to the substantia nigra pars reticulata.
• MSNs are inhibitory GABAergic neurons, but the effect of direct MSNs ( dMSNs ) and indirect MSNs ( iMSNs ) on their output structures, the substantia nigra pars reticulata and globus pallidus internal segment, differs : dMSNs inhibit, while iMSNs excite, their basal ganglia output structures.
• Striatal direct pathway MSNs ( dMSNs ) project directly to the globus pallidus internal ( GPi ) and substantia nigra pars reticulata ( SNpr ) whereas striatal indirect pathway MSNs ( iMSNs ) ultimately project to these two structures via an intermediate connection to the globus pallidus external ( GPe ) and ventral pallidum ( VP ).
• Because the substantia nigra pars reticulata is connected to the posterior thalamus, ventral thalamus and specifically, the motor cortex, and because participants with Parkinson s disease report having a smaller substantia nigra pars reticulata ( Menke, Jbabdi, Miller, Matthews and Zari, 2010 ), the small volume of this region may be responsible for motor impairments found in Parkinson s disease patients.
• Because the substantia nigra pars reticulata is connected to the posterior thalamus, ventral thalamus and specifically, the motor cortex, and because participants with Parkinson s disease report having a smaller substantia nigra pars reticulata ( Menke, Jbabdi, Miller, Matthews and Zari, 2010 ), the small volume of this region may be responsible for motor impairments found in Parkinson s disease patients.